Figure 1
The multi-panel line graph titled “Impulse: D E S I”, “Impulse: Basic Digital Skills”, “Impulse: G D P per Capita”, and “Impulse: Economic Freedom Index” contains four panels. In each panel, the horizontal axis is labeled “Years” and ranges from 0 to 8 with increments of 1. In the panel “Impulse: D E S I”, the vertical axis is labeled “Persons Employed Per S M Es” and ranges from negative 0.005 to 0.02 with increments of 0.005. In the panel “Impulse: Basic Digital Skills”, the vertical axis is labeled “Persons Employed Per S M E” and ranges from negative 0.01 to 0.01 with increments of 0.005. In the panel “Impulse: G D P per Capita”, the vertical axis is labeled “Persons Employed Per S M Es” and ranges from negative 0.03 to 0.01 with increments of 0.01. In the panel “Impulse: Economic Freedom Index”, the vertical axis is labeled “Persons Employed Per S M Es” and ranges from negative 0.01 to 0.015 with increments of 0.005. Each panel contains three lines representing a central response and two boundary lines. In the panel “Impulse: D E S I”, the central line rises from 0 at year 0 to a peak near approximately 0.01 around year 1, then declines steadily, crossing 0 around year 6 and ending slightly below 0 by year 8, while the upper and lower boundary lines show a wider spread above and below. In the panel “Impulse: Basic Digital Skills”, the central line fluctuates around 0, rising slightly above 0 around years 2 to 3, then declining below 0 around years 5 to 6 and ending slightly negative, while the boundary lines extend further above and below. In the panel “Impulse: G D P per Capita”, the central line starts at 0 and declines steadily into negative values, reaching approximately negative 0.012 by year 8, with boundary lines diverging above and below. In the panel “Impulse: Economic Freedom Index”, the central line increases slightly above 0 early, peaks around year 1, then declines gradually and crosses below 0 around year 6, ending slightly negative by year 8, while the boundary lines show wider variation. Note: All numerical values are approximated.Responses of persons employed per number of SMEs to impulses in DESI index, basic digital skills, GDP per capita and economic freedom index. Note: 95% confidence intervals are displayed. Source: Own calculations in STATA 14 software