Figure 1.
A flowchart detailing the literature search process, illustrating filters applied at each stage for Google Search, Scopus, and Web of Science, showing study exclusions and remaining items.This flowchart presents the literature search and review process across three databases: Google Search, Scopus, and Web of Science. The left side highlights the grey literature search beginning with Google Search from which 164 items were retrieved, leading to 65 primary studies after excluding 99 items deemed as blog posts and web logs. A series of assessments followed, including quality assessment with 12 exclusions, full-text screening with 26 exclusions, culminating in a final list of 30 primary studies. The right side shows academic literature retrieval starting from 318 items in Scopus and Web of Science combined, where 220 primary studies remained after excluding 98 for duplicates and non-English or non-peer-reviewed works. Further screenings resulted in 29 final primary studies after multiple stages of exclusions including title, abstract, and full-text screenings. The flowchart contains arrows indicating the flow of data and footnotes for exclusions, structured to visually represent each stage's input-output relationship.

An overview of the search, screening and selection process for academic and gray literature

Source: Authors’ own creation

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