Figure 2
The two-panel diagram is arranged from left to right. The left panel is titled “Barriers M E s”, and the right panel is titled “Enablers M E s”. At the bottom center, a legend reads: “Shades of green color: X a rightward arrow (influences) Y”, “Blue color: CAUSE Barriers or Enablers”, and “Red color: EFFECT Barriers or Enablers”. In both panels, a grid is shown with three vertical columns labeled along the bottom as “Economic”, “Environment”, and “Social”, and three horizontal rows labeled along the left as “Technology”, “Process”, and “People”. Each cell contains rounded rectangular boxes with either red outlines or blue outlines. In the left panel titled “Barriers M E s”, in the Economic column, under Technology are two red-outlined boxes labeled “B 2 (B 2.1 plus B 2.2)” and “B 5 (B 5.1 plus B 5.2)”. Under Process are one blue-outlined box labeled “B 1 (B1.1 plus B 1.2)” and one red-outlined box labeled “B 4 (B 4.1 plus B 4.2)”. In the Environment column, under Technology is one blue-outlined box labeled “B 8 (B 8.1 plus B 8.2)”, and under Process is one blue-outlined box labeled “B 6 (B 6.1 plus B 6.2)”. In the Social column, under People are one red-outlined box labeled “B 3 (B 3.1 plus B 3.2)” and one blue-outlined box labeled “B 7 (B 7.1 plus B 7.2)”. Green arrows with arrowheads and green circular nodes connect these boxes across rows and columns. In the right panel titled “Enablers M E s”, in the Economic column, under Technology is one red-outlined box labeled “E 4 (E 4.1 plus E 4.2)”, and under Process are two red-outlined boxes labeled “E 8 (E 8.1 plus E 8.2)” and “E 6 (E 6.1 plus E 6.2)”. In the Environment column, under Process are two red-outlined boxes labeled “E 3 (E 3.1 plus E 3.2)” and “E 5 (E 5.1 plus E 5.2)”, with one blue-outlined box labeled “E 7 (E 7.1 plus E 7.2)” positioned between them. In the Social column, under People is one red-outlined box labeled “E 2 (E 2.1 plus E 2.2)”, and in the Economic column under People is one blue-outlined box labeled “E 1 (E 1.1 plus E 1.2)”. Green arrows with arrowheads and green circular nodes connect these boxes in horizontal, vertical, and angled paths across the grid.S-I4.0 framework for MEs. Source: Adapted from Machado et al. (2024)