Figure 1.
The model presents firm level political risk on the left connected by a right pointing arrow to E S G controversies on the right. Above this relationship, a box labelled moral disengagement theory and Cressey fraud triangle spans the model, with directional arrows indicating its overarching theoretical framing. Below the relationship, a box labelled behavioural theory and institutional theory provides an additional theoretical foundation. Together, the elements show how firm level political risk relates to E S G controversies within these complementary theoretical perspectives.Theoretical framework
Note(s):Figure 1 depicts the theoretical framework, which demonstrates the theories that define the impact of firm-level political risk on ESG controversies and the theories that ground the mechanistic pathway to a relationship between firm-level political risk on ESG controversies
Source: Authors’ own work