Figure 2.
A box plot compares change scores for vocabulary, grammar, and oral expression, indicating distributions, medians, means, and outliers across the three learning outcome categories.The box plot chart compares the change score post minus pre for three categories labelled vocabulary, grammar, and oral expression. The vertical axis is labelled Change score post minus pre. Each category contains a box with whiskers, a median line, a triangular marker indicating the mean, and circular markers indicating outliers. Vocabulary displays a wide spread with whiskers extending above and below the box, and one low outlier. Grammar presents a central distribution with two higher outlier points and whiskers extending above and below the box. Oral expression presents a distribution with whiskers extending upward and downward, and no visible outliers. Each category visualises the distribution and central tendency of change scores.

Distributions of pre–post change scores (post−pre) for language outcomes (n = 36) Boxes indicate the interquartile range with the median line; whiskers extend to 1.5 × IQR; points denote outliers; mean change is marked for each outcome

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