Figure 9
The image shows five scatter plot panels arranged in two rows inside a dashed rectangular boundary. The panels are labeled “(a)”, “(b)”, and “(c)” in the top row and “(d)” and “(e)” in the bottom row. A legend on the right shows four classes represented by different markers: the orange circle labeled “0”, the pink star labeled “1”, the green triangle labeled “2”, and the blue square labeled “3”. In panel “(a)”, the symbols form a flower-shaped cluster with curved loops, and the square markers appear prominently across the structure, which correspond to the blue square markers. In the center of the shape, the blue square markers are also prominent and densely present. In panel “(b)”, a large oval-shaped cluster is shown. The left side of the oval is mainly covered by green triangular markers and orange circular markers, while the right side of the oval is mainly occupied by blue square markers and pink star markers. In panel “(c)”, a large cluster appears on the left side, formed mainly by blue square markers and pink star markers. In the center, a green cluster formed by triangular markers is visible, and on the right side, a separate cluster formed by orange circular markers appears. In panel “(d)”, two large clusters appear, one on the left and one on the right, and both clusters contain markers of all four types, which makes the clusters appear multicolored. In panel “(e)”, an inverted C-shaped curve appears on the bottom left side. The upper tip of this curve contains mainly pink star markers, and as the curve moves toward the right side, it gradually changes to blue square markers. Another curved line appears on the right side, which contains green triangular markers toward the upper portion and orange circular markers toward the lower portion.Feature visualization of different methods: (a) SVM, (b) CNN, (c) MSRN, (d) IDAN and (e) DMSRN. Source(s): Created by authors