Figure 3
The two horizontal sections show sequential rounds of voxelized canopy growth represented in three-dimensional coordinate plots. Each panel is labeled “Leaf State in L A D” and displays a green voxel canopy structure inside a three-dimensional coordinate grid. Below each plot are corresponding “Score”, “Action”, and “Parameter” values. The final panel on the lower-right is labeled “Target” and shows the target voxel canopy configuration. The top section displays rounds 0 through 14 at intervals of two. Round 0: The voxel canopy is very small and compact near the center of the coordinate space. Score: 0.1. Round 2: The voxel canopy becomes slightly larger and wider with a rounded triangular shape. Score: 0.1. Round 4: The canopy expands further upward and outward, forming a denser mound-like structure. Score: 0.1. Round 6: The voxel canopy increases in width and height with a smoother dome-like form. Score: 0.1. Round 8: The canopy becomes denser and more elevated with a broad rounded surface. Score: 0.14. Round 10: The canopy enlarges significantly and forms a larger hemispherical structure. Score: 0.82. Round 12: The voxel structure becomes taller and fuller with increased density across the canopy surface. Score: 2.15. Round 14: The canopy grows into a broad dome-like structure occupying most of the coordinate space. Score: 4.48. The lower section displays rounds 16 through 30 and the target state. Round 16: The canopy becomes larger and more compact with a smoother curved upper surface. Score: 7.81. Round 18: The voxel canopy continues expanding upward and outward with increased density. Score: 10.84. Round 20: The canopy develops into a larger dome-like structure with broad horizontal spread. Score: 14.20. Round 22: The voxel canopy becomes taller and denser with a rounded upper surface. Score: 15.87. Round 24: The canopy reaches one of the densest and largest states in the sequence. Score: 15.90. Round 26: The canopy remains broad and dense with slight irregularities along the upper edge. Score: 14.73. Round 28: The voxel structure becomes slightly flatter along the top while maintaining a large spread. Score: 13.13. Round 30: The canopy remains large and dense with a rounded upper form occupying most of the coordinate space. Score: 11.99. The “Target” panel displays a compact rounded voxel canopy occupying a smaller region near the center-left of the coordinate grid. The Action and Parameter are labeled below a rightward curved arrow between two consecutive plots as follows: Between rounds 0 and 2: Action: 0. Parameter: 0.035 and 0.1. Between rounds 2 and 4: Action: 0. Parameter: 0.15 and 0.4. Between rounds 4 and 6: Action: 0. Parameter: 0.3 and 0.2. Between rounds 6 and 8: Action: 0. Parameter: 0.05 and 0.45. Between rounds 8 and 10: Action: 0. Parameter: 0.5 and 0.45. Between rounds 10 and 12: Action: 0. Parameter: 0.25 and 0.5. Between rounds 12 and 14: Action: 0. Parameter: 0.15 and 0.05. Between rounds 14 and 16: Action: 0. Parameter: 0.05 and 0.1. Between rounds 16 and 18: Action: 0. Parameter: 0.05 and 0.5. Between rounds 18 and 20: Action: 0. Parameter: 0.05 and 0.05. Between rounds 20 and 22: Action: 0. Parameter: 0.05 and 0.05. Between rounds 22 and 24: Action: 0. Parameter: 0.4 and 0.05. Between rounds 24 and 26: Action: 0. Parameter: 0.05 and 0.05. Between rounds 26 and 28: Action: 0. Parameter: 0.05 and 0.05. Between rounds 28 and 30: Action: 0. Parameter: 0.05 and 0.05. Curved arrows between consecutive rounds indicate the progression sequence from one canopy state to the next.Plotted tree states displayed to players in an example episode: (a) Initial branch state in QSM of a young plane tree; (b) Estimated LAD of this young plane tree at its initial state; (c) A randomly populated target LAD in the game