Figure 5.
The flowchart describes the process for simulating electrochemical and thermal behaviour. It begins with setting the initial temperature condition as temperature of radius, height, and zero time equals ambient temperature. The process then enters a loop over a time step. Inside the loop, the electrochemical model solves for concentration and electric potential. The thermal model uses heat generation as input to obtain the temperature field. The next block updates data by extracting average core surface temperature and updating temperature-dependent parameters such as diffusion coefficient, conductivity, and equilibrium potential. The loop continues to the next time step until the simulation reaches the stop condition.Flowchart of the way of coupling between the P2D electrochemical model and the 2D thermal model