The diagram illustrates three cylindrical battery configurations arranged from left to right. The first shows internal configuration with phase change material placed inside the outer boundary. The second shows external configuration with phase change material on the outer surface of the battery. The third shows internal and external configuration with phase change material on both inner and outer sides of the battery can. Each configuration is labelled with the radial coordinate equal to zero on the central axis. The figure compares possible thermal management setups using phase change material placement.Three phase change material (PCM) configurations for the battery, where PCM material (orange) is located in the hollow center mandrel space and/or wrapped as a cylindrical shell around the battery exterior
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