Figure 14.
The figure presents two plots. Both have temperature in degree Celsius on the vertical axis and phase change material thickness in millimetres on the horizontal axis. The first plot shows that temperature decreases as thickness increases for external and combined internal and external phase change materials. The optimal thickness is about 0.48 millimetre for external phase change material and 0.68 millimetre for combined phase change material, where the temperature crosses the limit line. The second plot also shows temperature decreasing with thickness, with operational temperature limit indicated by a dashed line. The external system reaches this limit near 1.96 millimetre, and the combined system near 1.66 millimetre, demonstrating that greater thickness reduces temperature more effectively.Maximum battery temperature as a function of PCM external thickness, optimal PCM thickness calculation considering the temperature limit (a) and the operational temperature limit (b)