Figure 2
The framework is organized into four columns labeled “Micro-level (S P-enhanced P Fs)”, “Macro-level (L Cs)”, “Thematic pathway”, and “Strategic-level (R-imperatives)”. Four pathways, labeled “P1” through “P4”, are shown from left to right. For “P 1”, the micro-level functions are “Protection” and “Communication”. These connect to the macro-level capabilities “Information-management”, “Supply-management”, and “Demand-management”. These capabilities connect to the thematic pathway “Proactive logistics management and dynamic optimisation”, which connects to the strategic-level outcome “Smarter use”. For “P 2”, the micro-level functions are “Communication”, “Convenience”, and “Containment”. These connect to the macro-level capabilities “Supply-management” and “Coordination”. These capabilities connect to the thematic pathway “Autonomous and scalable reverse flows”, which connects to the strategic-level outcomes “Lifespan expansion” and “Material application”. For “P 3”, the micro-level functions are “Protection” and “Communication”. These connect to the macro-level capabilities “Information-management” and “Coordination”. These capabilities connect to the thematic pathway “Systemic trust and quality of material streams”, which connects to the strategic-level outcomes “Smarter use”, “Lifespan expansion”, and “Material application”. For “P 4”, the micro-level functions are “Communication”, “Protection”, and “Convenience”. These connect to the macro-level capabilities “Information-management”, “Supply-management”, and “Demand-management”. These capabilities connect to the thematic pathway “Collaborative value co-creation”, which connects to the strategic-level outcomes “Smarter use”, “Lifespan expansion”, and “Material application”.Multi-layered conceptual framework of SP-enabled circularity