Figure 8
The illustration has a 2-column, 4-row layout of bus section diagrams at four time intervals. The left column has the heading “Original Structure,” and the right column has the heading “Optimised Structure” at the top. The rows represent time steps: top row: t equals 0 seconds; upper middle row: t equals 0.15 seconds; lower middle row: t equals 0.25 seconds; and bottom row: t equals 0.40 seconds. Each diagram has axes indicators at the bottom left (x-axis in red, y-axis in green, and z-axis in blue). Each diagram shows a bus cross-section as a colored C A D-style model with components in green, blue, purple, orange, brown, gray, cyan, and pink. In the left column, the front vertical region (door and adjacent panel) is usually light green at t equals 0 seconds but changes shape significantly at t equals 0.15 seconds and t equals 0.25 seconds, bulging outward, then retracts at t equals 0.40 seconds. In the right column, this front vertical region is dark gray and green at t equals 0 seconds, with more magenta, cyan, and pink upper panels. The front vertical region varies in height and surface contour at different time steps, generally remaining more uniform than the first bus and less bulged. The vertical front region of each bus changes at each time step, showing movement and deformation. In both structures at t equals 0.15 seconds and t equals 0.25 seconds, the lower front vertical region deforms outward before returning at t equals 0.40 seconds.Visual comparison of the geometric deformation for different simulation steps, for the initial geometry and the optimised geometry. Source(s): Authors’ own creation