Figure 16
The illustration contains two elements. On the left, a plot has the horizontal axis labeled “y-axis [millimeters],” ranging from negative 1000 to 1000 with an interval of 500, and the vertical axis labeled “x-axis [millimeters],” ranging from negative 500 to 0 with an interval of 100. The plot has multiple lines of two types, representing deformation shapes at different locations or times: the solid black lines for “Original” and the solid red lines for “Optimised”. The legend at the bottom right identifies the line styles. An arrow labeled “Loading” points downward at the top left, near (negative 1300, 0). On the upper side, a red line starts at (negative 1000, negative 400), drops near (negative 550, negative 475), and then rises to (1200, negative 300). On the lower side, a black line starts at (negative 1300, negative 320), rises to a peak near (0, 0), and then decreases to (1200, negative 260). The other three red and two black lines follow the similar trends between these two lines. The bottom left corner is marked “Entrance Side,” and the bottom right area is “Driver Side”. On the right is a C A D-style section showing two vertical green rods and a yellow, horizontally oriented section connecting them, slightly bowed downward in the center. Note: All the numerical data values are approximated.Visualisation of the displacement in the plane of the node set across the entire width (highlighted by the yellow line) between the initial stage and the moment when the impactor reaches zero velocity, for both the original and optimised structure. Source(s): Authors’ own creation