Figure 18
The illustration features two sub-figures labeled (a) and (b). On the left (a) is a computer-rendered 3-D side view showing a tan-colored human model seated upright in a green chair at a vehicle’s blue and purple steering wheel. The chair has a green seat and backrest, mounted on a pink support, with armrests and a foot platform in brown and gray. The model's arms hang alongside the legs, feet flat, and head posture neutral (face blurred). A red circle highlights the region between the chest and the steering wheel. The steering column extends forward, with the wheel directed toward the seated model’s upper abdomen. On the right (b) is a plot with the horizontal axis labeled “Time [seconds],” ranging from 0 to 0.6 with an interval of 0.1, and the vertical axis labeled “Displacement [millimeters],” ranging from negative 160 to 20 with an interval of 20. The plot has two lines: a solid black line for “Original” and a solid red line for “Optimised”. The legend at the bottom right identifies the line styles. Both start at zero displacement, drop rapidly near 0.1 seconds. The black line reaches about negative 145 millimeters minimum; the red line reaches about negative 60 millimeters. Both then increase slightly and stabilize, with the red line consistently higher around negative 20 millimeters and the black line around negative 90 millimeters. Note: All the numerical data values are approximated.(a) Identification of the red point to monitor the steering wheel motion and (b) intrusion of a point on the steering wheel, in mm, for the original and optimised structure. Source(s): Authors’ own creation