Figure 5
The network diagram displays multiple colored clusters of circular nodes connected by thin curved lines, with each node labeled by a country name. In the center-right area, the largest blue node labeled “u s a” is connected to numerous countries, including “australia”, “france”, “germany”, “england”, “canada”, “peoples r china”, “japan”, “india”, “south korea”, “sweden”, and “netherlands”. In the upper central area, a green cluster contains the prominent node “germany”, connected to nodes including “italy”, “austria”, “switzerland”, “russia”, “poland”, and “czech republic”. In the left-central area, a red cluster is centered around “england”, connected to “scotland”, “wales”, “ireland”, “portugal”, “ethiopia”, “ecuador”, “ghana”, and “new zealand”. In the central area, a purple cluster contains “france” and “australia”, connected to surrounding countries through multiple lines. In the lower central area, cyan and yellow clusters include nodes such as “sweden”, “south africa”, “denmark”, “brazil”, “chile”, “kenya”, and “mexico”. In the upper area, smaller nodes including “hungary”, “thailand”, “vietnam”, and “greece” connect to nearby clusters. Additional nodes distributed throughout the diagram include “norway”, “finland”, “belgium”, “romania”, “indonesia”, “colombia”, “argentina”, and “tanzania”. The nodes vary in size, with “u s a”, “germany”, “england”, “france”, and “australia” appearing among the largest and most connected countries in the network. A “V O S viewer” logo appears in the lower left corner of the image.Co-authorship network among countries