Figure 2.
The flowchart presents the research methodology for brownfield regeneration studies across Iran, the U S, E U, U K, Japan, and China. The first stage is Research Design and Case Selection. It includes qualitative comparative design, maximum variation case selection, and selected cases of Iran, U S, E U, U K, Japan, and China. The second stage is Methodological Framework based on Policy Integration for Brownfields abbreviated as P I B. It integrates theoretical foundations with research methods, guides data collection, analysis, and interpretation, and focuses on drivers, actors including H P I B and V P I B, and instruments. The data collection stage includes secondary data, interviews, and site visits. Secondary data includes policy documents, regulatory frameworks, academic literature, and reports and guidelines. Interviews include 54 semi structured interviews with scholars, officials, and industry stakeholders using purposive and snowball sampling. Site visits include exploratory site visits, observational insights, and ground validation. The data processing stage includes transcription of interviews, translation from Persian to English, and data organisation. The thematic analysis stage includes thematic content analysis, P I B based coding, and identification of key themes. The cross case comparison and P I B application stage includes cross case comparison, mapping findings onto P I B, and assessment of H P I B and V P I B integration gaps. The final stage titled Findings and Policy Implications includes identification of governance gaps, policy misalignments, and recommendations for integrated brownfield regeneration.Research methodology flowchart illustrating data collection, processing and thematic analysis
Source: Authors’ own work