Figure 6.
The framework compares brownfield development across the U S, E U, U K, Japan, China, and Iran using three dimensions. Dimension 1 presents policy drivers to brownfield decisions and actions. The drivers include economic viability, spatial planning, public health and safety, and environmental protection. Economic viability is rated plus plus for the U S, E U, and U K, plus for Japan, and plus plus plus for China and Iran. Spatial planning is rated plus for the U S, plus plus plus for the E U and U K, plus for Japan and Iran, and minus for China. Public health and safety is rated plus plus plus for the U S and Japan, plus plus for the E U and U K, and plus for China and Iran. Environmental protection is rated plus plus plus for the U S and Japan, plus plus for the E U, U K, and China, and minus for Iran. Dimension 2 presents policy actors and domains for brownfield development through cross sectoral communication and action. Policy is rated plus plus for the U S and U K, plus for the E U, and minus for Japan, China, and Iran. Practice is rated plus for the U S, E U, and U K, and minus for Japan, China, and Iran. The legend defines minus as non existence, plus as existence, plus plus as strong, and plus plus plus as very strong. Dimension 3 presents critical elements in the brownfield development process. Legal definition is rated plus plus plus for the U S and U K, plus plus for the E U, plus for Japan, and minus for China and Iran. Land registration system is rated plus plus plus for the U S and U K, plus plus for the E U, plus for Japan, and minus for China and Iran. Monetary tools, programs, and incentives are rated plus plus plus for the U S, plus for the E U and China, plus plus for the U K, and minus for Japan and Iran. Non monetary tools, programs, and incentives include technical assistance, environmental liability programs, and environmental insurance. Technical assistance marked S asterisk is rated plus plus plus for the U S, E U, and U K, plus plus for Japan and China, and plus plus for Iran. Technical assistance marked G asterisk is rated plus plus plus for the U S, E U, and U K, plus plus for Japan and China, and plus for Iran. Environmental liability programs are rated plus plus plus for the U S and U K, plus plus for the E U, plus for Japan, and minus for China and Iran. Environmental insurance is rated plus plus plus for the U S and U K, plus plus for the E U, Japan, and China, and minus for Iran. Remediation approach in policy and practice includes risk based approach and total clean up approach. Risk based approach is rated plus plus plus for the U S, E U, and U K, and minus for Japan, China, and Iran. Total clean up approach is rated plus for the U S and U K, plus plus for the E U and China, plus plus plus for Japan, and minus for Iran. A note states S equals standard and G equals guidelines.Comparative analysis of brownfield policy and practice in Iran through the lens of PIB
Source: Authors’ own work