Figure 3.
The framework diagram categorises construction site characteristics into 5 main groups connected to a central box labelled Categorisation of Construction Site Characteristics. Environmental Conditions include heat stress, vibration, extreme temperatures, pollution, climate analysis, humid working conditions, industrial waste pollution, and noise pollution. Amenities and Welfare Facilities include rest areas, transportation facilities, food and drinking facilities, sanitation and hygiene facilities, thermal conditions in break areas, and workers’ rights protection systems. Safety and Security include wearable and exoskeleton ethics, personal protective equipment, safety concerns, accident analysis, compliance with regulations, and protection equipment. Physical Space Design includes workplace layout, elevated working surfaces, accessibility, and confined-space constraints. Work Setting and Practices include work patterns, workload intensity, scheduling, work hours, psychosocial climate, leadership behaviour, F I F O and D I D O stressors, and managerial workload.Categorisation of construction site characteristics