Figure 1.
The central framework describes the inner city as a socially embedded, participatory governance system to achieve Sustainable Development Goals 3, 9, and 11. User needs integration uses a participatory planning approach and points to the framework. Co-governance structures establish multi-stakeholder F M boards or committees and point to the framework. Skills development and empowerment engender capacity-building initiatives for residents. Feedback and accountability loops formalize mechanisms for ongoing user feedback. Skills development and empowerment, and feedback and accountability connect together and point back to the framework.Community-centered facilities management framework
Source: Authors’ illustration (2025)