Figure 1
A four-panel plot compares score distributions across Italian regions, showing average scores and sample sizes.The four panels are labelled North East, number of observations 112; North West, number of observations 125; Centre, number of observations 140; and South plus Islands, number of observations 87. Each panel plots ordered score values on the horizontal axis against cumulative observations. A vertical dashed line marks the regional average score. North East has an average score of 38.30. North West has an average score of 41.42. Centre has an average score of 38.77. South plus Islands has an average score of 42.80. In all regions, scores range from approximately 15 to 90 and follow an increasing step-like pattern. South plus Islands has the highest average score, followed by North West, while Centre and North East have lower and similar average scores. The distributions show a broad spread of values with a few higher-scoring observations near the upper end of the scale.

ESG4AGRI score results distribution by Italian macro-regions

Source: Authors’ own work

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