Figure 2
The research framework contains three connected sections labelled Phase 1: Quantitative, Phase 2: Qualitative, and Integration. The quantitative phase includes Data Collection involving 247 supply chain professionals across 14 industries, Analysis using P L S-S E M structural modelling, and Key Findings describing hypothesis testing with direct and indirect effects estimated. An arrow connects to the qualitative phase, containing Data Collection involving 20 supply chain professionals and semi-structured interviews, Analysis using thematic analysis, and Key Findings describing thematic coding with mechanisms and sector dynamics identified. Another arrow connects to the Integration section containing the Dual-pathway model validated, Mechanisms explained, Sector insights generated, and Meta-inferences developed. A lower banner states Institutional plus Contingency plus Dual transformation theory, Context: Vision 2030, Contribution: Dual-pathway framework.Sequential explanatory mixed-methods design
Note(s): Phase 1 (quantitative PLS-SEM survey of 247 professionals across 14 industries) tests the dual-pathway framework and estimates structural relationships. Phase 2 (qualitative interviews with 20 supply chain professionals) examines underlying mechanisms and sectoral variation. Integration of both phases provides a comprehensive interpretation of dual transformation pathways and informs the study’s theoretical and practical contributions. Rectangles represent stages of the research design, and solid arrows indicate the sequential flow (quantitative → qualitative → integration).
Source: Authors’ own work