Figure 2
A scatter plot with standardized bias across control variables on the x-axis and different variables on the y-axis. The plot includes data points for unmatched and matched samples, represented by blue circles and red crosses, respectively. The variables listed on the y-axis include AGE, BIG4, FSIZE, FAGE, TANG, ROE, CASHEQ, SCORE, and GDP. The x-axis ranges from negative to positive values, indicating the direction and magnitude of bias. The matched samples generally show reduced bias compared to the unmatched samples. All values are approximated.Covariate bias before and after propensity score matching