Figure 2
A circular diagram divided into four colored quadrants labeled A, P, C, and D, each representing a phase of railway safety management. The outer ring is divided into four sections labeled Phase A (Assess and Advance), Phase S (Systematize and Support), Phase E (Execute and Enforce), and Phase R (Respond and Recover). Arrows indicate the cyclical nature of the phases, and the center contains a smaller circle with the letters A, P, C, and D.The SERA model diagram of China's railway safety management system. Source: Author’s own work