Figure 1.
The historical development is given in a timeline diagram with five waves. Wave one covers the 1830s to the 1930s. Wave two covers the 1970s to the 1980s. Wave three covers the 1980s to the 2000s. Wave four covers the 2000s to the 2010s. Wave five is labelled beyond big data and covers the current future phase. Row labels include technological advancements, theoretical contributions, practical applications, and limitations.The evolution of artificial intelligence in management and organizational studies and practice