Flowchart begins with identification phase where records are identified from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Duplicate records are removed. Screening phase involves screening records by title, abstract, and keywords, excluding irrelevant records. Remaining records are sought for retrieval, with some not retrieved. Eligibility is assessed through full-text review, excluding records based on specific criteria. Finally, 45 records are included in the umbrella review and data extraction.
PRISMA chart—results of search strategy, screening, and selection processes. Source: Authors’ own work