Figure 3
The combined bar and line graph shows annual publication and citation trends from 1984 to 2025. The x-axis represents Year of Publication. The left y-axis represents Total Number of Publications, ranging from 0 to 140, and the right y-axis represents Total Number of Citations, ranging from 0 to 6,000. Vertical bars show publication counts, which remain low during the early years and increase substantially after 2010, reaching their highest levels between 2020 and 2022. The line with circular markers shows citation counts, which fluctuate considerably over time, with several peaks during the late 1990s, early 2000s, and early 2020s. Citation counts decline sharply in the most recent years, while publication counts remain comparatively high. The graph illustrates long-term growth in research output alongside changing citation patterns.Publications and citations per year
Note(s): Solid lines indicate the total number of citations per year while bars indicate the total number of publications per year
Source: Authors’ own work