Figure 1 illustrates the investigation steps using SEM models, depicting the relationships between employees with an agile mindset and change management (a), employees with a non-agile mindset and change management (b), the interactions between agile and non-agile employees in relation to change management (c), and the impact of an agile culture on change management through both agile and non-agile employees (d). These models were created to provide a comprehensive view of the entire sample, as well as the perspectives of agile-minded and non-agile-minded participants. Overall, the findings reveal significant differences in how agile and non-agile mindsets perceive the same relationships.Visualization of the investigation steps (SEM models). Note: Total/AMe/nAMe samples (N = 1871/932/939) AC: agile culture; nAMe: non-agile mindset employee; AMe: agile mindset employee; CHM: change management; ML-maximum likelihood, standardized estimates; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns—not significant result, (a) AMe impact on CHM model TOTAL sample Cmin/df = 3.26 CFI = 0.982 TLI = 0.979 RMSEA = 0.035; AMe view Cmin/df = 2.23 CFI = 0.978 TLI = 0.974 RMSEA = 0.035; nAMe view Cmin/df = 2.66 CFI = 0.975 TLI = 0.970 RMSEA = 0.042, (b) nAMe impact on CHM model TOTAL sample Cmin/df = 7.5 CFI = 0.976 TLI = 0.972 RMSEA = 0.057; AMe view Cmin/df = 4.2 CFI = 0.977 TLI = 0.974 RMSEA = 0.059; nAMe view Cmin/df = 4.5 CFI = 0.972 TLI = 0.968 RMSEA = 0.061, (c) AMe and nAMe relations model TOTAL sample Cmin/df = 4.55 CFI = 0.972 TLI = 0.969 RMSEA = 0.044; AMe view Cmin/df = 2.88 CFI = 0.972 TLI = 0.969 RMSEA = 0.045; nAMe view Cmin/df = 2.3 CFI = 0.943 TLI = 0.932 RMSEA = 0.073, (d) AC impact on AMe and nAMe model TOTAL sample Cmin/df = 5.77 CFI = 0.946 TLI = 0.942 RMSEA = 0.051; AMe view Cmin/df = 3.21 CFI = 0.950 TLI = 0.947 RMSEA = 0.049; nAMe view Cmin/df = 3.58 CFI = 0.944 TLI = 0.939 RMSEA = 0.052