Figure 2
A Venn diagram illustrating factors contributing to a sense of belonging in online courses. The diagram consists of two overlapping circles. The left circle represents individual factors, including demographics, academic performance, motivations to belong, and competencies to belong. The right circle represents course level factors, including course and instructor characteristics. The overlapping area signifies the sense of belonging in online courses, which is influenced by both individual and course level factors. The diagram is labeled with the title 'Sense of Belonging in Online Courses' and includes the subtitle 'Environmental Factors' at the bottom.Illustration of antecedents of SB in online courses. Source: Author’s own work