Fig. 4.
Panel a shows a monopile model with top mass m 1, shaft mass m 2, and free standing length L L. Panel b shows a monopile model with a larger circular top mass m 1, shaft mass m 2, and free standing length L L. Panel c shows a monopile embedded in quartz sand with embedded length L and free standing length L L. Panel d shows a monopile with a larger circular top mass embedded in quartz sand with embedded length L and free standing length L L. A table lists model properties for M E 1 and M E 2. M E 1 includes 15 and 35 tests with m 1 value 54.93 grams, m 2 value 28.60 grams, and L L value 122.20 millimetres. M E 2 includes 40 and 35 tests with m 1 value 181.83 grams, m 2 value 28.60 grams, and L L value 147.74 millimetres.Monopile models: (a) ME-1; (b) ME-2; (c) QZ-1; and (d) QZ-2