Fig. 9.
Panel a shows normalised displacement Y n over Y 1 against number of cycles for present study C 5. Number of cycles ranges from 1 to 100000 and displacement ratio ranges from 1.0 to 1.6. Present study values increase gradually from 1.0 at 1 cycle to about 1.45 near 1000 cycles and remain nearly constant afterwards. Truong et al. 2019 increases rapidly and reaches about 1.6 near 20 cycles. Li et al. 2022 increases gradually and reaches about 1.55 near 3000 cycles. Richards et al. 2021 increases rapidly to about 1.6 near 200 cycles. Wang et al. 2022 increases to about 1.6 near 300 cycles. A vertical dashed reference line marks 1000 cycles. Panel b shows normalised displacement Y n over Y 1 against number of cycles for present study C 24. Number of cycles ranges from 1 to 100000 and displacement ratio ranges from 1.0 to 2.0. Present study values increase gradually from 1.0 at 1 cycle to about 1.8 near 100000 cycles. Truong et al. 2019 increases rapidly and exceeds 1.9 before 100 cycles. Li et al. 2022 increases gradually to about 1.7 near 10000 cycles. Richards et al. 2021 and Wang et al. 2022 increase rapidly and approach 2.0 near 300 cycles. A vertical dashed reference line marks 1000 cycles.Normalised displacement (Yn/Y1) data compared with literature predictions: (a) cyclic load magnitude ζb = 0·5 and (b) cyclic load magnitude ζb = 0·9