Fig. 11.
The graph plots lateral load in kilonewtons against lateral displacement at ground level in metres. Lateral displacement ranges from 0 to 0.20 metres and lateral load ranges from negative 150 to 900 kilonewtons. The initial loading curve increases rapidly from 0 kilonewtons at 0 metres to about 800 kilonewtons near 0.09 metres. Cyclic loops marked for 1, 10, 10 power 2, 10 power 3, 10 power 4, and 10 power 5 cycles widen progressively with increasing displacement. Peak loads remain near 780 to 820 kilonewtons through repeated cycles, while minimum loads remain near negative 50 kilonewtons. Lateral displacement increases gradually from about 0.08 metres at 1 cycle to about 0.18 metres at 10 power 5 cycles.Cyclic lateral load–displacement curve of the monopile for test C26 (in 1:2 virtual model scale)