Figure 1.
The conceptual model diagram presents family control as a predictor of environmental performance, social engagement, and governance performance. The paths are labelled H 1 a plus, H 1 b negative, and H 1 c plus. Institutional ownership also has direct paths to environmental performance, social engagement, and governance performance, labelled H 2 a negative, H 2 b negative, and H 2 c negative. Institutional ownership additionally moderates the family control paths, with downward links labelled H 3 a negative, H 3 b negative, and H 3 c negative.Research model: Family control, institutional ownership and ESG performance
Source: Authors’ own work