The path analysis model is presented using oval constructs and directional arrows labeled with standardized coefficients, followed by standard errors in parentheses. On the left side, six oval constructs are arranged vertically. From top to bottom, they are “Personal Benefits”, “Org. Benefits”, “Societal Benefits”, “Personal Costs”, “Org. Costs”, and “Societal Costs”. Arrows from these constructs point toward the central variables. From “Personal Benefits”, three solid arrows extend rightward. An arrow to “Perceived Behavioral Control” is labeled “0.35 (0.09)”. An arrow to “Attitude” is labeled “0.47 (0.06)”. An arrow to “Subjective Norms” is labeled “0.42 (0.08)”. From “Org. Benefits”, a solid arrow extends to “Attitude” labeled “0.39 (0.06)”. From “Societal Benefits”, a dashed arrow extends to “Attitude” labeled “0.03 (0.10)”. From “Personal Costs”, a solid arrow extends to “Perceived Behavioral Control” labeled “negative 0.22 (0.05)”, and a dashed arrow extends to “Attitude” labeled “negative 0.14 (0.04)”. From “Org. Costs”, a dashed arrow extends to “Attitude” labeled “negative 0.18 (0.08)”. From “Societal Costs”, a dashed arrow extends to “Attitude” labeled “0.08 (0.05)”. In the center, three ovals are arranged vertically. “Perceived Behavioral Control” is positioned at the top, “Attitude” in the middle, and “Subjective Norms” at the bottom. To the right of these is the oval “Behavioral Intentions”, and at the far right is “T 2 E I Participation – Behavior”. From “Perceived Behavioral Control”, a dashed arrow extends to “T 2 E I Participation – Behavior” labeled “0.06 (0.17)”. Another dashed arrow extends from “Perceived Behavioral Control” to “Behavioral Intentions” labeled “negative 0.04 (0.13)”. From “Attitude”, a solid arrow extends to “Behavioral Intentions” labeled “0.95 (0.17)”. From “Subjective Norms”, a dashed arrow extends to “Behavioral Intentions” labeled “negative 0.02 (0.11)”. From “Behavioral Intentions”, a solid arrow extends to “T 2 E I Participation – Behavior” labeled “0.49 (0.13)”.Final structural equation model. Note. EI is environmental initiative. Dashed lines indicate non-significant paths. N = 206. Path coefficients are standardized with standard errors in parentheses. Covariance paths are not shown for simplicity. Reported EI participation behavior was measured at Time 2. Significant indirect effects were personal benefits → attitude → behavioral intentions = 0.591 (95% CI: 0.064, 1.207), organizational benefits → attitude → behavioral intentions = 0.623 (95% CI: 0.064, 1.207) and attitude → behavioral intentions → behavior = 0.977 (95% CI: −0.352, 2.748). EI participation behavior was excluded from indirect effects calculations, due to a full information maximum likelihood model with imputed values being used for the overall model analysis with T2 included. Source: Authors' own work