Figure 3
The flowchart is centered on a large circular construct labeled “Circular Economy Innovation”. The flowchart is divided into a left section for primary stakeholders and a right section for secondary stakeholders, each connected to the central construct through drivers and roles. On the far left, a header box labeled “Primary Stakeholder(s) (Main Influence)” appears above a vertical sequence of rectangular stakeholder boxes. These include “Government, Industry, Academia”, “Industry Academia”, “Government, Industry”, “Government”, “Industry, Academia”, and “Civil society”. Each stakeholder box connects through a wide right-pointing block arrow to a corresponding “Drivers” box. The drivers listed vertically are “Collaborative and Knowledge-Sharing Drivers”, “Organizational Drivers”, “Economic Drivers”, “Governance and Policy Drivers”, “Technological Drivers”, and “Consumer-Centric Drivers”. Each driver box connects through another wide right-pointing block arrow to a corresponding “Role” box. These roles are “Facilitator in platforms, knowledge sharing, Research on C E knowledge”, “Commitments in C E implementation and reforms, offer C E frameworks”, “Financial Incentives, Implementing C B Ms”, “Regulation, Public Procurement”, “R and D, Digital Innovation”, and “Behaviour Change”. From each of these role boxes, thin directional arrows converge inward toward the central circle labeled “Circular Economy Innovation”. On the far right, a header box labeled “Secondary Stakeholder(s) (Supporting Influence)” appears above a mirrored structure. A vertical sequence of stakeholder boxes includes “Civil Society”, “Government”, “Academia, Civil Society”, “Industry, Academia”, “Government”, and “Industry, Government”. Each connects through a wide left-pointing block arrow to a corresponding “Drivers” column, which repeats the same driver categories: “Collaborative and Knowledge-Sharing Drivers”, “Organizational Drivers”, “Economic Drivers”, “Governance and Policy Drivers”, “Technological Drivers”, and “Consumer-Centric Drivers”. Each driver box then connects through a wide left-pointing block arrow to a corresponding “Role” box. These roles are “Advocacy and Social Innovation”, “Supportive Policies”, “Research on C E Finance, Sustainable Consumption”, “Compliance, Policy Research”, “Funding and Policy Support”, and “C E-Oriented Business Models, Sustainability Regulations”. Thin directional arrows extend from each of these role boxes toward the central construct “Circular Economy Innovation”, indicating that both primary and secondary stakeholder roles contribute directly to circular economy innovation.Proposed framework for CE Innovation. Source: Developed by the authors