Figure 6
The image contains four figures labeled (a), (b), (c), and (d). Figure (a) depicts two graphs showing surface tension against temperature and distance with two curves each, presenting contrasting behaviors. The first graph shows a negative slope, while the second features a convex shape with an annotation regarding the derivative of surface tension. Figure (b) illustrates a schematic diagram demonstrating Marangoni convection in a liquid interface between pre-built parts and powder materials. Figure (c) displays a microscopic view of an alloy, indicating component interactions during melting with a detailed circular flow of the molten pool. Figure (d) features additional microscopic imagery, showing material combinations and a zoomed view of specific areas for detailed analysis, including annotated features and measurement scales.Schematic illustration of the effect of surface tension gradients on Marangoni flow within the melt pool. (a) Negative surface tension gradient (top), positive surface tension gradient (bottom), (b) 316 L/C52400 (steel-copper) multimaterial melt pool exhibiting a negative surface tension gradient. (c) Schematic representation and corresponding SEM image of an AlSi10Mg/Ti6Al4V (aluminum-titanium) multimaterial melt pool with negative surface tension gradients, and (d) SEM image of a 316 L/HX (steel-Hastelloy) multimaterial melt pool with negative surface tension gradients
Source: Figure courtesies of Bai et al. (2020), Wu et al. (2022), and Rankouhi et al. (2022)