Fig. 1.
The panels present field layout of debris flow control system. Panel a shows a channel with debris storage container, gate, and four barriers marked as first, second, third, and fourth along transportation zones of 80 meter at 32 degree and 60 meter at 16 degree, followed by a 50 meter runout pad, water supply, impoundment, and observation tower. Insets show barrier types as G E O B R U G G V X type barrier and H K U S T Kevlar barrier. Panel b shows vertical arrangement with control room and towers labelled as tower 1, tower 2, and tower 3 positioned along the channel with distances of 80 meter at 32 degree and 60 meter at 16 degree.Aerial view of the world’s largest constructed flume measuring 190 m: (a) side view; (b) front view