Figure 1
The conceptual model shows a left-to-right layout enclosed within a rectangular boundary. On the left side, four rounded rectangular boxes are vertically stacked. From top to bottom, the first box reads “Green procurement awareness”. The second box reads “Green specifications”. The third box reads “Reverse logistics”. The fourth box reads “Green procurement enforcement mechanisms”. On the right side, a single rounded, rectangular box reads “Firm performance – Cost reduction”. Straight arrows point from each of the four left boxes toward the right box. The top arrow originates from “Green procurement awareness” and points to “Firm performance – Cost reduction” with the label “H 1”. The second arrow originates from “Green specifications” and points to “Firm performance – Cost reduction” with the label “H 2”. The third arrow originates from “Reverse logistics” and points to “Firm performance – Cost reduction” with the label “H 3”. The fourth arrow originates from “Green procurement enforcement mechanisms” and points to “Firm performance – Cost reduction” with the label “H 4”. All arrows are straight and directed from left to right. All boxes are rounded rectangles.Conceptual framework. Source(s): Adopted from the literature review (2023)