Figure 2
The diagram illustrates the BCP model design and its main formulas. It includes various stages such as extraction, manufacturing, construction, assembly, use, operation, and end of life. The diagram shows material flows, energy usage, water usage, and CO2 emissions. Key components include material, subcomponent, component, system, and building. The diagram also highlights processes like recycling, reusing, repairing, and maintenance, with arrows indicating the flow and interaction between these stages and components.BCP model design and main formulas. Source: Authors’ own work