Figure 1
The conceptual diagram illustrates the relationship between A I characteristics, work characteristics, organizational work redesign, individual job crafting, and F L E outcomes. An encapsulating dashed rectangle labeled “Socio-technical system” includes four main textual blocks: Left block: It is labeled “A I characteristics” and contains “Autonomous, learning, inscrutable (all A I systems), generative, and versatile (Gen A I systems)”. Right block: It is labeled “Work characteristics” and contains “Stimulating, mastery, autonomy, relational, tolerable (SMART work design)”. Top center block: It is labeled “Organizational work redesign”. Bottom center block: It is labeled “Individual job crafting”. Between the left and right blocks, a large curved black double arrow labeled in italics: “Recursive joint optimization”, with “Dynamic top-down and bottom-up co-design, incorporating feedback and learning over time”. Arrows link A I characteristics to organizational work redesign, organizational work redesign to work characteristics, work characteristics to individual job crafting, and individual job crafting back to A I characteristics, forming a cyclical relationship with the large curved arrow. Outside the main dashed rectangle at the bottom, a separate box is labeled “F L E outcomes” and contains “Psychological, behavioral, and performance implications”.A socio-technical AI–work design system. Source: Authors’ own work