Figure 3
The icon is a circular diagram with five interconnected sections, each representing a different aspect of VRP's role in environmental sustainability. The sections are labeled as follows: Reduced Fuel Consumption and Emissions, Improved Efficiency, Support for Green Logistics, Enhanced Waste Management, and Decreased Traffic Congestion. Each section contains a brief description of how VRP optimizes routes to achieve environmental benefits.Overview of VRP's impact on environmental sustainability in transportation. Source: Authors’ own work