Figure 8
Two three-dimensional structural views labeled “Load case: Type (d)” on the left and “Load case: Type b)” on the right. Each structure is enclosed within a transparent cuboidal boundary and contains a quadrilateral mesh over a curved surface, underlaid by a light gray reference structure. Load case: Type (d): The structure has a gently downward-curving rectangular mesh composed of horizontal and vertical black lines. The reference solution in black is stable with the gray original or undeformed structure at the left end, and it rises with a curved profile towards the right end. The right end of the black structure is positioned above the gray, undefored structure. Nine orange circular supported nodes are placed vertically along the common left end, while nine other supported nodes are placed vertically at the right end of the gray structure. Nine purple circular force nodes are placed vertically just before the right end of the gray structure. A single upward-pointing purple arrow emerges, indicating that the direction of the applied load is positioned below the purple nodes. The overall shape is elongated, with the structure spanning from the left to the right, gently sloping downward towards the right. Load case: Type (b): This structure is also a rectangular mesh, but with an upward arch nearly in the middle. The ends of both black and gray structures are common. Nine orange supported nodes are placed vertically at the left and right common ends. Nine purple circular force nodes are placed vertically just before the right end of the gray structure. A single upward-pointing purple arrow emerges, indicating that the direction of the applied load is positioned below the purple nodes. The overall shape is elongated, with the structure spanning from the left to the right, gently sloping downward towards the right.Load cases from the test dataset. The exciting forces are marked purple, the supported nodes orange, where squares support only the component normal to the supported face. The undeformed meshes are colored grey and the reference solutions are displayed black. Source: Authors’ own work