Figure 16
The curved mesh structure, shown in two parts. The purple circular nodes represent force nodes, and the orange circular nodes represent supported nodes. On the left side, the structure consists of black grid lines arranged in a curve, with force-nodes and supported nodes positioned at specific locations. The force-nodes are placed at regular intervals along the outer edge of the curve, while the supported nodes are arranged along the inner edge. The force-nodes are connected by the black grid lines, forming a three-dimensional representation of the mesh. On the right side, the same structure is shown in a simplified two-dimensional view with yellow lines in the center, maintaining the same shape. The nodes are represented as yellow, with force-nodes arranged within the outer and inner edges. The overall shape of the structure follows a curved form, with both force-nodes and supported nodes strategically placed along the curve.Undeformed mesh (grey) and deformed mesh (black) of the full simulations for training the surrogate element of the gear example with exemplary load case. On the right the elements in yellow show, where the surrogate element will be located in the inference phase. Source: Authors’ own work