Figure 2
The illustration displays three distinct labeled parts, each with a stepped design. In the left part (a), labeled “Parent hash 1 L B path,” the shape is a square grid with dashed lines outlining the perimeter. The grid is filled with smaller squares, and the outline of the square is drawn with an alternating red inner edge and blue outer dashed boundary, with each side of the square having the same color alternations. The grid appears within a light grey background, and the outline includes small rectangular blocks at each corner and side, all positioned symmetrically within the grid. In the middle part section (b), labeled “Parent hash 2 L B path,” another square grid appears with a similar layout to the first section, but with the dashed lines in alternating blue and red colors. The left edge is shown in a red boundary, while the right edge is shown in blue. The top and bottom edges are shown in a U-pattern; the left half is in a red boundary, and the right half is in a blue boundary. The square grid structure remains the same, and small rectangular blocks are present at each corner and side of the square, similarly positioned within the grid structure. In the right part (c), labeled “Child L B path,” the square grid follows a similar structure to the first two sections. The left edge is shown in a red boundary, while the right edge is shown in a blue boundary. The top and bottom edges are shown in red on the left side in a U-pattern, while they are shown in blue in a straight pattern on the right half.The crossover operation combines the parent LB paths (a) and (b) into a child LB path (c), with color indicating segment order from blue (first) to red (last). Source: Authors’ own work