Figure 3
The illustration displays a diagram with two square grids side by side. On the left side, labeled “(a) Parent L B path,” there is a square grid with a blue boundary and red inner edge consisting of both dashed and solid lines. The dashed lines form the boundaries in red and blue, while the solid lines mark the square grid. Inside the grid, the space remains empty, with no internal markings. On the right side, labeled “(b) Child L B path,” another square grid is displayed with a red outline. Similar to the Parent L B path, the Child L B path grid also features a combination of dashed and solid lines, with the dashed lines forming the outer boundary and solid lines marking the inner boundary. The inner edge is red, and the outer boundary is also mostly red on three sides, except the right side, which is blue.The mutation operation is applied to a parent LB path (a) to generate a new child LB path (b), with color indicating segment order from blue (first) to red (last). Source: Authors’ own work