Figure 1.
The thematic framework progresses from first-order codes to second-order themes and aggregate dimensions. The first-order codes include aiming for higher quality, embracing more sustainable approaches, increasing efficiencies, using more research-based methods, building or procuring new coffee-related equipment, developing or introducing new roasting techniques, absorbing new knowledge, controlling or taking stock of coffee production cycles, upgrading infrastructure, reducing or saving costs, differentiating, improving coffee packaging, enhancing branding or promotion, collaborating with external stakeholders, educating, and training. These group into the second-order themes, a deeper immersion into product-based, after growth-related, and production-based approaches, growth-related, focusing on excellence on various fronts, for example, specialisation and competitiveness, and complementing the repertoire of product and production stages. These correspond to the aggregate dimensions, perfecting the journey, perfecting the outcomes, and extending the outcomes. The table lists emergent themes, innovation is perceived by, with n 131 and per cent. Aiming for higher quality standards records 49 and 37.4 per cent. Embracing more sustainable approaches records 48 and 36.6 per cent. Increasing efficiencies records 43 and 32.8 per cent. Using more research-based or experimental ways records 41 and 31.3 per cent. Differentiating records 32 and 24.4 per cent. Building or procuring new coffee-related equipment records 29 and 22.1 per cent. Developing or introducing new roasting techniques records 26 and 19.8 per cent. Absorbing new knowledge records 25 and 19.1 per cent. Controlling or taking stock of coffee production cycles records 17 and 13.0 per cent. Upgrading infrastructure records 15 and 11.5 per cent. Collaborating with external stakeholders records 12 and 9.2 per cent. Improving coffee packaging records 10 and 7.6 per cent. Enhancing branding or promotion records 9 and 6.9 per cent. Reducing or saving costs records 7 and 5.3 per cent. Educating records 6 and 4.6 per cent. Training records 4 and 3.1 per cent. A note states that percentages were rounded off.How innovation is illustrated in participants’ firms
Source: Authors’ own work