The diagram illustrates C S R D design features shaped by coercive institutional pressures. At the centre is the degree of coupling, linking policies and practices. Policies include S 2 1 policies and S 2 5 targets. Practices include S 2 2 engagement with workers, S 2 3 remediation mechanisms, and S 2 4 actions taken and effectiveness. Arrows show that institutional pressures influence how closely policies align with practices.
Research framework, based on policy−practice coupling (Bromley and Powell, 2012) and neo-institutional theory (DiMaggio and Powell, 1983)