Figure 11
The table compares various technologies and their implementation challenges across seven categories. It includes 13 rows and 7 columns. The columns are labeled as High implementation and operational costs, Implementation and integration challenges, Shortage of qualified professionals, Data quality and reliability issues, Cybersecurity risks, Time and cost of adopting technologies, and Excessive dependence on technology. The technologies listed include Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Big Data, Cloud Computing, Digital Twin, Cyber-Physical Systems, Smart Sensors, Augmented Reality, Deep Learning, Additive Manufacturing, Collaborative Robots, and Data Analytics. Each cell indicates whether the technology faces a current challenge, is dependent on the implementation context, or has no identified challenge.Summary table relating the technologies to the main implementation challenges. Source: Authors’ own elaboration (2025)