Figure 1.
A process diagram showing interaction between Data, Preliminary knowledge, Phronesis, Testing the theory, and Theorisation, leading to conclusions.The diagram depicts a research process model with interconnected stages. Data is positioned at the bottom and connects through commutative variance analysis to Preliminary knowledge and the phronesis of the researcher. These two elements are grouped and linked upward through a reflection process to Testing the theory. From this stage, a directional arrow leads to Theorisation with possible new hypotheses. A further connection leads to Possible implementation of conclusions, showing progression from data analysis to theoretical development and application.

The abductive research process

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