Figure 1
The flowchart is titled “Identification of studies via databases and registers”. The flowchart shows three vertical text boxes representing three stages, arranged in a vertical series on the left. From top to bottom, these are labeled: “Identification”, “Screening”, and “Included”. In the “Identification” stage, a text box reads “Records identified (n equals 974): Scopus (n equals 580); Web of Science (n equals 394)”. A right-pointing arrow leads to another box labeled “Records removed before screening: Duplicate records removed (n equals 30); Records marked as ineligible (n equals 234); Book chapter (n equals 111)”. A downward-pointing arrow leads from “Records identified (n equals 974)” to a text box labeled “Title and abstract screened (n equals 599)” in the “Screening” stage. A right-pointing arrow from this box leads to a text box labeled “Records excluded: Restricted access (n equals 125); non-accredited journal (n equals 87)” in the same stage. A downward arrow leads from “Title and abstract screened (n equals 599)” to a text box labeled “Reports sought for retrieval (n equals 387)” in the same stage. A right-pointing arrow from this box leads to “Reports not retrieved (n equals 191)” in the same stage. A downward-pointing arrow from “Reports sought for retrieval (n equals 387)” leads to a box labeled “Reports assessed for eligibility (n equals 50)” in the same stage. A right-pointing arrow from this text box leads to a detailed box labeled “Reports excluded”, which contains the following exclusion reasons: Review study (n equals 213); Other language (n equals 1); Thesis (n equals 5); Statements (n equals 40); Conference abstract (n equals 25); Editorial (n equals 9); Conceptual framework (n equals 44). A final downward arrow leads from “Reports assessed for eligibility (n equals 50)” to a text box reading “Studies included in review (n equals 46); Reports included in review (n equals 4); Total (n equals 50)” in the “Included” stage.The PRISMA flow diagram