Figure 2.
Panel a compares buried 50 g tests S N F-A 01 and S N F-A 04. The horizontal axis gives w model from negative 2 to 4 millimetres and the upper axis gives w divided by D from negative 10 to 20 per cent. The vertical axis gives V model from negative 2 to 8 kilonewtons and V prototype from negative 5 to 20 meganewtons. Both curves start near 0, rise to about 4.5 to 4.8 kilonewtons, then follow a closed loop before returning toward lower force values. S N F-A 04 reaches a slightly higher peak and extends to about 3.2 millimetres, while S N F-A 01 reaches about 2.6 millimetres. Panel b compares 1 g jacked 50 g tests S N F-A 02 and S N F-A 03 using the same axes. Both curves rise more steeply than the buried tests, reaching about 6.2 kilonewtons before following a closed loop. The two curves nearly overlap throughout the loading and unloading paths, with maximum displacement near 2.6 millimetres and w divided by D near 15 per cent.Repeatability assessment, load–displacement curves under compression and tension at 50 g for: (a) pre-installed buried and (b) 1 g-jacked piles. The results are presented in model and prototype scale